Wednesday, February 11, 2009

The universe in a nutshell

5 – Comments
- Massive stars will burn their hydrogen into helium much faster than the sun does, that means that they can run out of hydrogen in as little as s few hundred million years.
- The sun can burn the helium into heavier elements such as carbon and oxygen, but these nuclear reactions do not release much energy, so the stars lose heat and the thermal pressure that support them against gravity.
- The critical path of light will sweep out a surface called the event horizon, which separates the region of space time from which light can be escaped from the region from which it cannot.
- A black hole still exerts the same gravitational pull on neighboring objects as did the body that collapse.
- One way of searching for a black hole is therefore to look for matter that is orbiting what seems to be an unseen compact massive object.
4 – Question
- Is the black hole made of stars?
- What is the purpose of a black hole?
- Does a black hole have a purpose?
- What is light made of?
3 – Vocabulary
- Quantum gravity = a theory that merge quantum mechanics with general relativity.
- Planck time = about 10(-43) seconds, time it takes light to travel the distance of a Planck length.
- Nuclear fusion = the process by which two nuclei collide and join to form a larger, heavier nucleus.
2 – Literary terms
- The black hole is like a eating force of matter
- The speed of light is like somebody having the ability to freeze time.
1 – Overview
- Talking about the black hole and how unique and dangerous it is.

The Universe in a nutshell

5 – Comments
- The properties of black holes that have been discussed thus far don’t raise any great problems with determinism.
- Time will come to an end for an astronaut who falls into a black hole and hit the singularity, but one is free to measure time at different rates in different places.
- On the time- and- distance, the surface of constant values of this new time would be all crowded together at the center, below the point where the singularity appeared.
- The difficulty with determinism arose when Einstein discover that black holes aren’t completely black.
- If a black hole is present, one member of a pair of particles may fall into the black hole, leaving the other member free to escape to infinity.
4 – Question
- How could a black hole pull things/ matter in the hole?
- Why scientist calls the hole, black whole if is not the color black?
- How small is the inside of a black hole?
- How does the black hole affect space and time continuum?
3 – Vocabulary
- Quantum gravity = a theory that merge quantum mechanics with general relativity.
- Neutrino = a changeless species of particle subject only to the weak force.
- Mass = the quantity of matter in a body, its inertia or resistance to acceleration in free space.
2 – Literary terms
- The speed of light is like somebody having the ability to freeze time.
- The black hole is like a vacuumed, that suck everything in
1 – Overview
- This part of the story is about the speed of light and how interesting is the black hole.

The universe in a nutshell

5 – Comments
- Radiation from such black holes would be utterly swamped by the 2.7-degree radiation left from the hot big bang- the cosmic background radiation.
- The virtual-particle pair will have a ware function that predicts that the two members will definitely have opposite spins.
- Many physicists didn’t like reduction in determinism and therefore suggesting that information about what is inside can somehow get out of a black hole.
- If one takes Einstein’s general theory of relativity seriously, one must allow the possibility that space time ties itself in a knot and info gets lost and folds.
- Nothing will get lost, and time will roll smoothly on.
4 – Question
- What forms a black hole?
- Is it true that if a person go onside a black hole, that they would die in pieces?
- Is there another side of a black hole?
- How dangerous is a black hole?
3 – Vocabulary
Planck time = about 10(-43) seconds, time it takes light to travel the distance of a Planck length
- Event = a point in space time specified by its place and time
- Light year = Distance traveled by light in one second.
2 – Literary terms
- The black hole is like a vacuumed, that suck everything in
- The speed of light is like somebody having the ability to freeze time.
1 – Overview
- This part of the book is about the black hole and the speed of light

Tuesday, February 10, 2009

The Universe in a nutshell

5 – Comments
- The discovery of the expansion of the universe was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the twentieth century.
- On February 24, 1891 on Tuesday, Burnham, Olmsted, Hunt, and other architects gathered in the library on the top of the Rookery to present drawing of the fair’s main structures to the grounds and buildings committee.
- The speed of light is independent of their motion and it’s the same in all directions.
- Einstein believes that it’s important whether the mathematical model of reality predict that the universe and time has an end, which what begins, end.
- The speed of light is independent of their motion and it’s the same in all directions.
4 – Question
- What is time?
- What is the speed of light?
- What is the purpose of the twins’ paradox?
- Back in the 1890’s do the architects get pay a lot?
3 – Vocabulary
- Big bang = the singularity at the beginning of the universe, about fifteen billion years ago.
- Cosmology = the study of the universe as a whole.
- Brane world = A four-dimensional surface or brane in a higher-dimensional spacetime.
2 – Literary terms
- M-theory is like a jigsaw.
- One can illustrate this with a pack of playing cards. Consider first the ace of spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees.
1 – Overview
- Einstein is talking and explaining the speed of light and how people or anything can’t beat the speed of light plus, the equation of E=MC2.

The universe in a Nutshell

5 – Comments
- The discovery of the expansion of the universe was one of the great intellectual revolutions of the twentieth century.
- There is a chain of causality stretching back into the past. The scientist tried to avoid either by calming.
- The universe has multiple histories.
- If the boundary condition of the universe is that it has no boundary, it won’t have just a single history.
- The very fact that we exist as being who can ask the question.
4 – Question
- Why are we are beings?
- What is the history of the universe?
- What is the universe theory?
- Does the universe have a historical history?
3 – Vocabulary
- Naked singularity = a space time singularity, not surrounded by a black hole, which is visible to a distant observer.
- Imaginary time = Time measured using imaginary numbers.
- Velocity = a number describing the speed and direction of an objects’ emotion.
2 – Literary Terms
- The idea that the universe has multiple histories may sound like science fiction.
- If point particles actually existed as discrete elements like pool balls…
1 – Overview
- Talking about the history of the universe itself

Saturday, February 7, 2009

The Universe in a Nutshell

5 – Comments

- Einstein’s say that the universe is made up of matter, that everything is made out of matter. That the matter that is in the universe wrap space time together like a human body hold and protect the inside and it wrap together.

- Einstein doesn’t pay attention to the big bang, that he doesn’t take it seriously.


- Around December 1932, he went to Princeton to do his research at the Institution for Advanced study. When the Nazis were coming to power, he left Germany and after four month has past, he regained his citizenship.

- Einstein believes that it’s important whether the mathematical model of reality predict that the universe and time has an end, which what begins, end.

- In 1963, two Russian scientists, Evgenii Lifshitz and Isaac Khalatnikov, claimed to have proved that solutions of the Einstein equation with a singularity all had a special arrangement of matter and velocities.

4 – Question
- What is time?
- When did the universe/ time begin and when will it end?
- Does time really end?
- Why Einstein did doesn’t pay enough attention on the big bang?
3 – Vocabulary
- Big bang = the singularity at the beginning of the universe, about fifteen billion years ago.
- Cosmology = the study of the universe as a whole.
- Brane world = A four-dimensional surface or brane in a higher-dimensional spacetime.
2 – Literary terms
- M-theory is like a jigsaw.
- One can illustrate this with a pack of playing cards. Consider first the ace of spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees.
1 – Overview
- This part of the book is about the matter in the universe and the universe and time plus when does it end.

Thursday, February 5, 2009

The Universe in a Nutshell

5 – Comments
- Albert Einstein (the discovery of the special and general theories of relativity) was born in ulm, Germany in 1879 and when the first year past, his family moved to Munich where his father and uncle did a not very good business (electrical business)

- He did poorly at school and his father business failed and moved to Milan. Albert parents told him to finish school but he didn’t want but, he completed his education in Zurich and graduated from Federal polytechnic school known as the ETH.

- In the nineteenth century, the scientists believed they were close to a complete description of the universe.

- The scientist compared the speed of light in two beams at right angles to each other.

- The speed of light is independent of their motion and it’s the same in all directions.

4 – Question
- Why did he have interested in scientific theory of reality if he didn’t like school?
- What is the purpose of the twins’ paradox?
- What is the speed of light?
- Why at first, Einstein didn’t like school?
3 – Vocabulary
- Velocity = a number describing the speed and direction of an object’s motion.
- Time loop = another name for a closed timelike curve.
- Planck time = about 10 centimeter. The size of a typical string in string theory.
2 – Literary terms
- One can illustrate this with a pack of playing cards. Consider first the ace of spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees.
- If point particles actually existed as discrete elements like pool balls…
1 – Overview
- Einstein is talking and explaining the speed of light and how people or anything can’t beat the speed of light plus, the equation of E=MC2.

The Universe in a Nutshell

5 – Comments
- Albert Einstein (the discovery of the special and general theories of relativity) was born in ulm, Germany in 1879 and when the first year past, his family moved to Munich where his father and uncle did a not very good business (electrical business)

- He did poorly at school and his father business failed and moved to Milan. Albert parents told him to finish school but he didn’t want but, he completed his education in Zurich and graduated from Federal polytechnic school known as the ETH.

- In the nineteenth century, the scientists believed they were close to a complete description of the universe.

- The scientist compared the speed of light in two beams at right angles to each other.

- The speed of light is independent of their motion and it’s the same in all directions.

4 – Question
- Why did he have interested in scientific theory of reality if he didn’t like school?
- What is the purpose of the twins’ paradox?
- What is the speed of light?
- Why at first, Einstein didn’t like school?
3 – Vocabulary
- Velocity = a number describing the speed and direction of an object’s motion.
- Time loop = another name for a closed timelike curve.
- Planck time = about 10 centimeter. The size of a typical string in string theory.
2 – Literary terms
- One can illustrate this with a pack of playing cards. Consider first the ace of spades. This looks the same only if you turn it through a complete revolution, or 360 degrees.
- If point particles actually existed as discrete elements like pool balls…
1 – Overview
- Einstein is talking and explaining the speed of light and how people or anything can’t beat the speed of light plus, the equation of E=MC2.